Logical and Shift and Rotate Instructions 8086 8086 Microprocessor by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - December 14, 2020May 10, 20210 Share on Facebook Share Send email Mail Print Print Table of Contents Toggle LOGICAL Group of Instructions.Bit manipulation instruction2. Shift and Rotate operation3. Rotate instructions: ROL, ROR, RCL, RCRExample: LOGICAL Group of Instructions. Bit manipulation instruction Bit Manipulation instructions : The instruction in this category operate on bits. The instruction can set, reset or even can test a particular bit. These instructions include : Logical instructions: NOT, AND, OR, XOR and Test. FORMAT Example Comments Flags Affected NOT Source (R/M) MOV BL, 35h NOT BL BL=00110101 BL= 11001010 AND (R/M), Imm./ R/M MOV AL, 35h AND AL, 0Fh AL=00110101 AL=AL.0Fh= 00000101 CF=OF=0, AF=? PF, SF, ZF updated OR (R/M), Imm./ R/M MOV BL, 22h MOV CL, FFh OR BL, CL BL=00010110 CL=11111111 BL=BL+CL=11111111 CF=OF=0, AF=? PF, SF, ZF updated XOR (R/M), Imm./ R/M MOV AL, 55h XOR AL, FAh AL=01010101 AL xor FAh=10100111 CF=OF=0, AF=? PF, SF, ZF updated TEST R?M, Imme/R/M MOV AL, 51h TEST AL, 80h AL=01010001 Test AL,80 test if the MSB is 0 or not; if msb is zer0 Z flag will be set. CF=OF=0, AF=? PF, SF, ZF updated 2. Shift and Rotate operation These instructions are used to perform logical or arithmetic shift and rotate operations where a bit of the data is involved. These instructions in shift group are: SHL, SAR, SHR, SAR FORMAT Description Example Comments Flags Affected SHL dest, count Shift logical left byte or word; No. of time shift count in CL MOV CL, 02 MOV BX, 89h SHL BX, CL CL= 00000010 BX=00000000 10001001 BX= 0000001000100100 SHL inserts zeros from the right SAL dest, count Shift arithmetic left byte or word; No. of time shift count in CL MOV CL, 02 MOV BX, 89h SHL BX, CL CL= 00000010 BL=01001001 BL=00100100, CF= 1 SHL inserts zeros from the right, and MSB remains unaffected and the MSB is put in CF SHR dest, count Shift logical right byte or word; No. of time shift count in CL MOV CL, 02 MOV BX, 89h SHL BX, CL CL= 00000010 BX= 10001001 BX= 00100010 Bits are shifted right with LSB moved in CF and zeros inserted from MSB SAR dest, count Shift arithmetic right byte or word; No. of time shift count in CL MOV CL, 02 MOV BX, 89h SHL BX, CL CL= 00000010 BL= 10001001 BL= 00100100 MSB remains same i.e is copied again in MSB, i.e sign of number remains the same 3. Rotate instructions: ROL, ROR, RCL, RCR ROL : Rotate left byte or word MSB to LSB and to Carry Flag [CF]. The operand to be rotated can be a register or memory location. FORMAT Example Comments Flags Affected ROL Dest, count MOV AL, 35 ROL AL, 03 AL 00100101 CF=1, AL=00101001 CF, OF ROR : Rotate right byte or word LSB to MSB and to Carry Flag [CF]. The operand to be rotated can be a register or memory location. FORMAT Example Comments Flags Affected ROR Dest, count MOV AL, 35 ROR AL, 03 AL 00100101 CF=1, AL=10100100 CF, OF RCL : Rotate left byte or word through carry flag MSB TO CF and CF to LSB4. The operand to be rotated can be a register or memory location. FORMAT Example Comments Flags Affected RCL Dest, count MOV AL, 35 RCL, AL 03 AL 00100101 CF=1, AL=00101001 CF, OF RCR : Rotate right byte or word through carry flag LSB TO CF and CF to MSB. The operand to be rotated can be a register or memory location. FORMAT Example Comments Flags Affected RCR Dest, count MOV AL, 35 ROL AL, 03 Initially assume CF=0 AL 00100101 CF=0, AL=01000101 CF, OF Example: Write an ALP to convert the 8-bit packed BCD number stored in the memory into a binary number and store it in another memory location Using assemble such as MASM Using KIT Source variable X Destination variable : Y Assume source packed data at location : 2500:1000 Converted Binary to be stored at 2500: 1001 Data SEGMENT X db 35h Y db ? Data ENDS Code SEGMENT ASSUME CS: code, DS: data MOV ax, data MOV ds, ax MOV AL, X MOV BL, AL AND AL, 0F0h MOV CL, 04 ROR AL, CL MOV BH, 0Ah MUL BH AND BL, 0Fh ADD AL, BL MOV Y, AL Code ENDS END MOV ax, 2500 MOV ds, ax MOV AL, [1000] MOV BL, AL AND AL, 0F0h MOV CL, 04 ROR AL, CL MOV BH, 0Ah MUL BH AND BL, 0Fh ADD AL, BL MOV [1001], AL HLT Share on Facebook Share Send email Mail Print Print