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PIC Interrupts

PIC Interrupts

Introduction:

PIC16F877 has 14 interrupt sources. The following registers are used for setting the interrupt and checking the status of the interrupt. These are

  • INTCON Register (04 registers, duplicated in each bank addresses 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh)
  • PIE1 Register (Address 8Ch )
  • PIR1 Register (Address 0Ch)
  • PIE2 Register (Address 8Dh)
  • PIR2 Register( Address 0Dh)

Figure-1 illustrates how the request from the interrupt source is communicated to the CPU.

 

Table-1 shows the various sources of interrupts, and the registers used to enable the interrupts and the status flags

Type

 

Interrupt Register SFR Address
REGISTER
INTERRUPT ENABLE BIT
INTERRUPT FLAG BIT
STATUS FLAG REGISTER
Status(Flag) Register SFR Address
Global
0Bh  / 8Bh/10Bh, 18Bh
INTCON
GIE
Peripheral
0Bh  / 8Bh/10Bh, 18Bh
INTCON
PEIE
Timer0
0Bh  / 8Bh/10Bh, 18Bh
INTCON
T0IE
T0IF
INTCON
0Bh  / 8Bh
External
0Bh  / 8Bh/10Bh, 18Bh
INTCON
INTE
INTF
INTCON
0Bh /  8Bh
PortB
0Bh  / 8Bh/10Bh, 18Bh
INTCON
RBIE
RBIF
INTCON
0Bh  /8Bh
Parallel Slave Port Read/Write

 

8Ch
PIE1
PSPIE
PSPIF
PIR1
0Ch
ADC
8Ch
PIE1
ADIE
ADIF
PIR1
0Ch
USART Receive

 

8Ch
PIE1
RCIE
RCIF
PIR1
0Ch
USART Tx

 

8Ch
PIE1
TXIE
TXIF
PIR1
0Ch
Synchronous Serial Port

 

8Ch
PIE1
SSPIE
SSPIF
PIR1
0Ch
CCP1
8Ch
PIE1
CCP1IE
CCP1IF
PIR1
0Ch
TMR2 to PR2 Match

 

8Ch
PIE1
TMR2IE
TMR2IF
PIR1
0Ch
TMR1 Overflow Interrupt
8Ch
PIE1
TMR1IE
TMR1IF
PIR1
0Ch
CCP1
8Dh
PIE2
CCP2IE
CCP2IF
PIR2
0Dh
Bus Collision

 

8Dh
PIE2
BCLIE
BCLIF
PIR2
0Dh
EEPROM Write Operation

 

8Dh
PIE2
EEIE
EEIF
PIR2
0Dh

 

Table below shows a summary of the registers being used for configuring the interrupts and to know their status. INTCON, PIE1, PIE2 are used to configure the interrupts whereas PIR1, PIR2 are the status or the flags for these interrupt, INTCON also shows the status for three interrupts RBIE, INTE, and TOIE interrupts

 

Bank
Address
Name
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Value on: POR, BOR
0 / 1/2/3
0Bh / 8Bh/10Bh/18Bh
INTCON
GIE
PEIE
T0IE
INTE
RBIE
T0IF
INTF
RBIF
0000 000x
0
0Ch
PIR1
PSPIF(3)
ADIF
RCIF
TXIF
SSPIF
CCP1IF
TMR2IF
TMR1IF
00000000
0
0Dh
PIR2
EEIF
BCLIF
CCP2IF
-r-0 0–0
1
8Ch
PIE1
PSPIE(2)
ADIE
RCIE
TXIE
SSPIE
CCP1IE
TMR2IE
TMR1IE
00000000
1
8Dh
PIE2
EEIE
BCLIE
CCP2IE
-r-0 0–0

The following paragraphs discuss the different register setting for interrupts

INTCON Register

The INTCON register is a readable and writable register, which contains various enable and flag bits for the TMR0 register overflow, RB port change and external RB0/INT pin interrupts.

D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
GIE
PEIE
TMR0IE
INTE
RBIE
TMR0IF
INTF
RBIF
Global Intr enable
Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit
TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bit
RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit
TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
RB0/INT External Interrupt Flag bit
RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit
1-Enable

0-disable

1-Enables

0-Disables

1 Enable TMR0 intr

0 Disable

1 enable

0 disable

1 enable

0 disable

1 TMR0 has overflowed
1 interrupt occured
1 = At least one of the RB7:RB4 pins changed state; a mismatch condition will continue to set the bit. Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow the bit to be cleared (must be cleared in software).
0 = None of the RB7:RB4 pins have changed state

 

OPTION_REG

The OPTION_REG Register is a readable and writable register, which contains various control bits to configure the TMR0 prescaler/WDT postscaler (single assignable register known also as the prescaler), the external INT interrupt, TMR0 and the weak pull-ups on PORTB.

 

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
RBPU’ INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
PORTB Pull-up Enable bit Interrupt Edge Select bit TMR0 Clock Source Select bit

 

TMR0 Source Edge Select bit Prescaler Assignment bit

 

Prescaler Rate Select bits
1 Disable

0 enable by port latch

1 Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT

0 on falling edge

1 =Transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKO)
1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin
1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
 Note:There is only one prescaler available which is mutually exclusively shared between the T0 module and the WDT Timer. When assignment for the T0 module , then it is not for the Watchdog Timer and vice versa. This prescaler is not accessible but can be configured using PS2:PS0 bits of OPTION_REG.

 

PIE1 Register

The PIE1 register contains the individual enable bits for the peripheral interrupts.

 

D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
PSPIE
ADIE
RCIE
TXIE
SSPIE
CCP1IE
TMR2IE
TMR1IE
Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Enable bit
A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit
USART Receive Interrupt Enable bit

 

USART Tx Interrupt Enable bit

 

Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Enable bit
CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit
TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit
TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 Enable

0 Disable

1 Enable

0 Disable

1 Enable

0 Disable

1 Enable

0 Disable

1 Enable

0 Disable

1 Enable

0 Disable

1 Enable

0 Disable

1 Enable

0 Disable

 

PIR Register

PIC microcontroller has two interrupt flag registers these are PIR1 and PIR2 registers. These flags are set or reset depending on the status of interrupt. Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. These registers are explained in the following paragraphs.

 

D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
PSPIF
ADIF
RCIF
TXIF
SSPIF
CCP1IF
TMR2IF
TMR1IF
Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Flag bit
A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit
USART Receive Interrupt Flag bit
USART Transmit Interrupt Flag bit
Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Interrupt Flag bit
CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit
TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit
TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

 

‘1’ READ/WRITE OPERATION IS COMPLETED

‘0’ Not Completed

1-A/D conversion complete

‘0’ AD operation not completed

1 =USART receive buffer is full

‘0’-Rx buffer empty

1 =USART Tx buffer is empty

‘0’-USART Tx buffer full

1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred

‘0’ No match

1 = TMR1 register overflowed(must be cleared in s/w)

‘0’ no overflow

 

 PIE2 Register

The PIE2 register contains the individual enable bits forthe CCP2 peripheral interrupt, the SSP bus collision interrupt, EEPROM write operation interrupt and the comparator interrupt.

 

D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
CMIE
EEIE
BCLIE
CCP2IE
Comparator Interrupt Enable bit
EEPROM Write Operation Interrupt Enable bit
Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit
CCP2 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables

‘0’ Disable

1 = Enable

‘0’ Disable

1 = Enable

‘0’ Disable

1 = Enable

‘0’ Disable

 

PIR2 Register

The PIR2 register contains the flag bits for the CCP2 interrupt, the SSP bus collision interrupt, EEPROM write operation interrupt and the comparator interrupt.

D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
CMIF
EEIF
BCLIF
CCP2IF
Comparator Interrupt Flag bit
EEPROM Write Operation Interrupt Flag bit
Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit

 

CCP2 Interrupt Flag bit

 

1 = The comparator input has changed (must be cleared in software)

‘0’ No change

‘1’ operation complete

‘0’ operation not yet completed

‘1’ A bus collision has occurred in the SSP when configured for I2C Master mode

‘0’ No collision

 

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