Basic Structure of a Digital Computer Computer Organization and Architecture by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - February 27, 2021March 2, 20210 Basic structure of a digital computer The basic structure of a computer can be well described with the help of the figure-2. It consists of the CPU, the system bus and the peripherals all interconnected in some well-defined way to form a complete computer system. The CPU is the black box of the complete system doing all complex but useful tasks. It includes the arithmetic and logic unit for performing all operations of simple to complex arithmetic including scientific. Control unit and internal register is also part of the CPU. System Bus: The system bus is basically a set of wire used to carry various information and control signal among various units inside the computer system. Depending on the type of information carried
Different types of micro-controllers 8051 Micro-controller by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - April 19, 2019May 10, 20210 Classification of Microcontrollers Over the years the micro-controllers have evolved to new height. There are number of players who manufacture them. So, it becomes essential to know what are different types of micro-controllers. They can be categorized based on size of registers, make, memory architecture, features etc. These are listed in table 1.1 below: 8051(Intel, Philips, Atmel, Siemens, Dallas) ATMEL, TI, National, Fairchild, Hitachi, OKI, Intel, Toshiba, Microchip, Zilog, Rockwell, Motorola, ST Microelectronics, Rabbit, Silicon Laboratories, NXP Semiconductors Table 1.1 Micro-controller Classification 1 Based on Architecture Harvard Architecture Princeton(Von-Neuman) Architecture 2 Size of Registers 4-Bit: Hitachi-HMCS40, National-COP420, TI-TMS1000 8-Bit: Intel- 8048, 8051 PIC-16C56, Zilog-Z86C83, Motorola-6805, 68HC11, TI-TMS7500, Infineon-XC800 16-Bit Intel-80C196, National-HPC16164, Hitachi-H8/532, Infineon-XE166 32-Bit ATMEL-XMEGAA3BU, SAMD20, Intel-i960, AVR32, Infineon-XMC4000, NXP-LPC4000 3 Memory Embedded RAM and ROM Additional External Memory 4 Instruction Set RISC CISC CISC implemented in RISC core 5 Family 8051 PIC AVR ARM Criteria of Selection: Selection of a particular micro-controller depends