Address resolution Protocol (ARP) Advanced Computer Network by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - October 13, 20210 Address Resolution Protocol Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol used to find the MAC (Media Access Control) address of a device from its IP address. This protocol is used when a device wants to communicate with another device on a Local Area Network or Ethernet. Types of ARP There are four types of Address Resolution Protocol, which is given below: Proxy ARP Gratuitous ARP Reverse ARP (RARP) Inverse ARP Click the link to view the PPT Address Resolution Protocol
Stack and Subroutines in 8085 8085 Microprocessor by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - October 13, 2021October 13, 20210 Stack and Subroutines Stack and subroutine are powerful mechanism in 8085 microprocessor for modularizing the assembly program, Stack A stack is a first in last out memory locations in the r/w memory and is used during the execution of a program. This memory is generally specified by the programmer in the main program. To point in the stack memory every processor has a pointer known as the stack pointer. To use the stack, the stack pointer is fist loaded with the beginning address of the stack memory by using the instruction LXI SP, XXXXh. Where XXXXh denotes a 16-bit memory address. The stack may grow up or down. In 8085 the stack grows downward in the reverse order, that means, that once the
Delay Time using 8085 Programming Loops 8085 Microprocessor by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - October 13, 2021September 29, 20230 Delay Loops in 8085 Loop is used in 8085 for repeating the execution of a set of instructions. Loops are also used in generating the delays in 8085. The Loop is implemented by using the DCR and some conditional JMP instructions. A simple Loop is shown below MVI A, 00 MVI C, 05 Again: DCR C ADD C JNZ again This program make use of a add instruction inside a loop which executed five times. At the end of the loop addition of five numbers 0 to 5 is obtained which is 15. We can also use loop to generate delay time for some applications. The delay is actually the total ‘T’ states times the clock period. i.e. TL =
Generating PORT Address for I/O Microprocessor and Interfacing by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - October 12, 2021October 12, 20210 Generating the Ports for interfacing There are two techniques or methods for interfacing i/o devices, these are: i/o-Mapped I/O- In this method, the i/o device have separate address space and instructions exclusively for inputting or outputting the data from/to the devices. Instructions for reading/writing memory are different than i/o instructions.IN and OUT are used for i/o devices, and MOV is used for memory related operations. memory-mapped I/O- This techniques uses the common address space and instructions for communicating with the memory or the i/o. MOV instruction is used for i/o as well as memory related operations. In the following paragraph we will learn how to create the port addresses for the i/o-mapped i/o technique. We will use some address decoding logic gates for
OSI Reference Model Data Communication by Ravinder Nath Rajotiya - September 28, 20210 OSI Reference Model This model is based on a proposal by ISO revised in 1995. The model is called the ISO-OSI(open System Interconnection) as it deals with connecting open systems – that is systems that are open for communication with others. The principles that were applied to arrive at the seven layers can be briefly summarised as: A layers should be created where a different abstraction is needed Each layer should perform a well-defined function The function of each layer should be chosen with an eye toward defining internationally standardised protocols The layer boundaries should be chosen to minimize information flows across the interfaces The number of layers should be large enough that distinct function need not be thrown together in the